Effects of Anaesthesia Methods and Medications on Pulmonary Function

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Abstract

The fundamental function of the lungs is to keep the blood oxygenated and remove carbon dioxide via the network of capillaries next
to the alveoli. Utilizing ventilatory reserve capacity and alterations to lung mechanics help to maintain this. The induction of anaesthesia
affects pulmonary functioning by causing unconsciousness, reflex depression, rib cage alterations, and hemodynamic abnormalities. All
anaesthetic medications, including those administered through inhalation, have an impact on pulmonary functions either directly by acting
on the respiratory system or indirectly by acting on other systems. Comparatively to intravenous induction drugs, volatile anaesthetics have
more prominent effects on pulmonary functions, resulting in hypercarbia and hypoxia.
The patient’s position also causes significant modifications in lung functioning. Neuromuscular blockers and anticholinergics have negligible
impact. Combining volatile anaesthetics and induction agents with analgesics and sedatives may make them more potent. The final result
may differ from when individual agents are used alone since many ones are employed during anaesthesia.

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